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Thursday 26 March 2015

[A101.Ebook] Download Ebook Conspirator: Book Ten of Foreigner (Foreigner series 10), by C. J. Cherryh

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The civil war among the alien atevi has ended. Tabini-aiji, powerful ruler of the Western Association, along with Cajeiri, his son and heir, and his human paidhi, Bren Cameron, have returned to Bujavid, their seat of power. But factions that remain loyal to the opposition are still present, and the danger these rebels pose is far from over. Since the rebellion, Bren Cameron's apartment in the capital has been occupied by an old noble family from the Southern district—the same district from which the coup was initiated. This family now claims loyalty to Tabini, but the aiji is dubious. To avoid conflict, Bren has decided to absent himself from the Bujavid and visit Najida, his country estate on the west coast.

Tabini-aiji is training his young son in the traditional ways of the atevi, and has Cajeiri under strict supervision. But after two years in space, surrounded by human children, Cajeiri bristles in this boring environment. Desperate for freedom and adventure, disregarding the obvious danger, Cajeiri escapes the Bujavid with his young bodyguards and sets out to join Bren on the coast.

Determined to insure his son's safety, Tabini recalls Ilisidi from her home in the East, asking her to find Cajeiri and secure him at Bren's estate. But it has been a long time since Bren has been to Najida, and the war has shifted allegiances in many quarters. A district that was once considered a safe haven may now be a trap. And with Bren, Cajeiri, and Ilisidi all under one roof and separated from their allies, that trap is now baited.

The long-running Foreigner series can also be enjoyed by more casual genre readers in sub-trilogy installments. Conspirator is the 10th Foreigner novel. It is also the 1st book in the fourth subtrilogy.

Sales Rank: #137167 in eBooks
Published on: 2010-05-04
Released on: 2010-05-04
Format: Kindle eBook

From Publishers Weekly
Readers unfamiliar with Cherryh's Foreigner series (most recently 2007's Deliverer) are likely to be somewhat at sea in this complex and sophisticated 10th installment, but those who persevere will be rewarded with a space opera where ideas are as important as action. This book continues chronicling the experience of Bren Cameron, who serves as the paidhi-aiji, the interpreter for human colonists stranded on the planet of the alien atevi. Cameron's current concern is the spread of human technology, which has the potential to wreak havoc with the formal communication protocols the atevi rely on to maintain their societal structure. Cameron must engage in subtle diplomacy and political maneuvering while evading attempts on his life and keeping track of a headstrong young atevi nobleman. The lack of basic background may discourage new readers, but fans will be delighted. (May)
Copyright � Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review
"Complex and sophisticated...those who persevere will be rewarded with a space opera where ideas are as important as action...fans will be delighted." —Publishers Weekly

"Her lucid storytelling conveys enough backstory to guide newcomers without boring longtime series followers. The characters are well drawn, and Cherryh's depiction of both human and alien cultures is riveting." —Library Journal

"The latest Foreigner science fiction thriller is a superb entry in a strong chronicle...once again C.J. Cherryh provides an interesting tale of a human living in an alien culture; however, the additional spin of the impact on an atevi youth having lived in a human culture for a couple of years refreshes the saga." —Midwest Book Review

About the Author
C. J. Cherryh planned to write since the age of ten. When she was older, she learned to use a type writer while triple-majoring in Classics, Latin and Greek. At 33, she signed over her first three books to DAW and has worked with DAW ever since. She can be found at cherryh.com.

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29 of 32 people found the following review helpful.
Another Treasure for CJC fans!
By G. E. Williams
I have an associate whom I generally agree with about books, with the one exception, she hates C J Cherryh, and I think She (CJC) is the Greatest writer of our time. Ms. Cherryh writes in such a way that you must become the character, and live the story which is in my opinion, escapism at its finest. So it was with great joy that I opened up my delivery from Amazon this week and found Conspirator inside.

So here's the deal.
Conspirator is made especially for someone like me who is a big fan already, because there is so much character development and history that there is no way to just start here (in book 10) and enjoy it the way you should. But if you not yet a fan like me, do yourself the huge favor of reading the series from the beginning starting with Foreigner: (10th Anniversary Edition) (Foreigner Universe Books)and have the patience to get through the first hundred pages of that character development and history to follow the rest of the story.

Is this sci-fi? Sort of, but mostly it is a character driven political drama that digs deeply into what makes us human, and what helps to form alliance with each other and what causes us to break them apart. It is a marvelous metaphoric inspection on diversity and inclusion, and courtesy. I swallowed this book up in two days and hated to turn the final pages and will be frustrated for the next several months until the next edition comes along.

5* Continuation!

14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Breaths fresh life into the Foreigner series
By N. Trachta
Ahhh, a new CJ Cherryh book; in this case the 10th in the Foreigner series. For most writers, the 10th in a series typically starts to run out of steam; and I have to admit that after Deliverer (Foreigner) I was hoping that Ms. Cherryh was putting the Foreigner series to bed. Having said that and read Conspirator I'm glad Ms. Cherryh chose to continue the series because she managed to find an area that needed coverage in the series and did so admirably. If you're familiar with the series, feel free to skip to the next paragraph; for those not familiar with the series, humans had settled on a planet that had a native humanoid life form (the Atevi) and proceeded to coexist with them until differences and a war between the species forced the humans to retire to an island and leave a paidhi (an Atevi expression for the human who is the ambassador from the humans and broker of technology). The current paidhi is Bren Cameron who has raised the Atevi to a technological level near that of humans (say 21st Century), has the trust of the Atevi leader, and is an Atevi lord in his own right.

Rating wise this one is a very solid 4.5 star book. Ms. Cherryh did such a great job bringing the fire back into the storyline. There are three main focuses in this book; Bren's relationship with his brother Toby (this has been needing some work for awhile), the maturing and gaining control of Cajeiri, and the relationship between Bren and his Atevi estate (this had been awarded by Tabini in an earlier book). Ms. Cherryh addresses all three cases fairly nicely, however there is much more to be unearthed in all three cases (can you say sequel plus one). As always the writing is crisp with excellent dialog. This is particular shown in any dialog between Bren and any of the Atevi, especially Ilisidi (Grandmother to Tabini, Great Grandmother to Cajeiri). In cases where Bren is dealing with the Atevi (especially those of significant rank) I'm reminded of Alexander Dumas's The Three Musketeers (Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition)due to the formality of the words and the significance applied to what a person says (honor is very much alive with the Atevi). While this book only builds a little on the culture (I've considered the culture to be very feudal Japan with a possible mixing of Europe circa the 1500's), Ms. Cherryh's plot building is outstanding. As in all of the Foreigner series, the title gives us a nice clue on the books focus and Ms. Cherryh does a great job setting up the conspirator and the situation permitting the conspirator to bloom (actually it's been building for several books, we just weren't fully aware of it). Having said this and knowing that Amazon requires whole stars (no partials for a reviewer) I'm going to round this on up to 5 due to how good the story telling and plot were. This combination is making me look forward to Conspirator's sequel (Deceiver), something that is outstanding when you consider that you're reading the 10th in the series. Btw for those interested you can just pick this book up and read it without reading the earlier ones in the series; however you're missing some of the beauty of the series and would have to accept things as Ms. Cherryh presents them. Btw, the artwork on the front should be of Bren, Tano, and Algini.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Wow!
By S. Al-Amri
Some would think that a series would be running out of steam/ideas by Book 10 but this book proves that is not always the case. This was a fabulous addition to the on-going story of the Foreigner universe.

Don't try to read this book though if you haven't read the series. Do yourself a real favor and start from book 1 - so much fabulous reading lies ahead of you - I am envious. Can't wait for books 11 and 12 (she seems to write in trilogies). Cajeiri is only 8 years old so the series has a lot of future possibilities.

These are not typical space opera but totally painless, utterly enjoyable courses in inter-cultural relations and the possibilities that are out there for understanding and agreeing with each other. Men and women alike can enjoy them.

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Wednesday 25 March 2015

[R263.Ebook] PDF Download Gennaro's Easy Italian (2010), by Gennaro Contaldo

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GENNARO'S EASY ITALIAN includes over 100 straightforward recipes that can be cooked by anyone in less than 45 minutes. Including everyday staples, creative uses of leftovers and fantastic tasty dishes and treats for children, the recipes are also perfect for easy entertaining.

The book includes classics such as Tomato Sauce and Minestrone, to more unusual dishes such as Strawberry Risotto, and not forgetting the delights of Lemon and Almond Cake, Biscotti and Amaretto Ice Cream.

Sales Rank: #859583 in Books
Published on: 2011-04-12
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 10.00" h x .63" w x 7.75" l, 1.85 pounds
Binding: Paperback
256 pages

Review
"Provides novices with an arsenal of ideas. Highly recommended for home cooks interested in Italian food."� —Library Journal

"Yet another genius cookbook from the don of Italian cooking."� —Jamie Oliver

About the Author
Gennaro Contaldo is widely known as the Italian legend who taught Jamie Oliver all he knows about Italian cooking. Gennaro started working in the kitchens of local restaurants in Amalfi at the age of eight, before moving to Britain in 1969. He worked in village restaurants around the country, and then moved to London where he worked in several restaurants including Carluccio's where he met Jamie Oliver and his own, Passione. These he days his time is divided between writing books, Jamie's Italian chain of restaurants and appearing on TV cookery shows and in magazines.

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Delicious simple and authentic
By A. Neve
The recipes are clear, the foods are delicious, and the preparation is minimal. I'm told it's remeniscent of Strato Cotugno.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
simple recipes
By rabidreader
entertaining narratives, awesome recipes

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Tuesday 24 March 2015

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Tracking Down Ecological Guidance is a road map to an emerging worldview. For several centuries the effect of the industrial revolution has been to reinforce the cultural assumption that Earth is just a storehouse of raw materials for human use, and the faster these resources are exploited the better off the human species will be.� This exploitive worldview is failing; it no longer provides believable guidance for the human future. The ecological worldview now emerging is focused on what kind of readaptation makes sense given what is known about how Earth's ecosystems actually work.� The essays gathered in Tracking Down Ecological Guidance compose a panorama of the author's engagement with the trajectories of culture and economic behaviour over the past fifty years. While the conflict between the growth economy and ecosystem integrity is central to the book, it is also focused on the means of� "spiritual survival" - the ability to keep working for human betterment and environmental integrity despite the worst that may happen. � As the failed adaptation of the industrial-consumer era plays out, the rise of an alternative, ecologically integrated economy becomes essential for human wellbeing. This book charts a journey through the "storm of progress" to an ecological worldview anchored in beauty and expressed in "right relationship" to our home places, and to the whole Earth. The book moves beyond the temptation of fatalism to a strategy for enhancing both economic and spiritual survival. Keith Helmuth is a founding member of Quaker Institute for the Future, and a co-author of Right Relationship: Building a Whole Earth Economy. He lives in Woodstock, New Brunswick where he now coordinates a community garden project.

Sales Rank: #3117012 in Books
Published on: 2015-06-02
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 8.50" h x .64" w x 5.51" l, .80 pounds
Binding: Paperback
284 pages

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5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
may have played a useful role in the development of Western Civilization
By Pamela A. Haines
If I had to choose one book as a guide for finding our way into the future, this would be it. Keith Helmuth is uncompromising in his understanding of how a market-driven economic system, unfettered by limiting forces, will drive us into ecological collapse. But his focus is more on how to find the guidance that will be needed to have any chance of weathering the coming storm.

Our main religious stories, centered in the concept of a dominant moral will, may have played a useful role in the development of Western Civilization, he contends, but will provide guidance for the future only to the extent that they can bring to their center a refreshed understanding of the importance of the human-Earth relationship.

Helmuth discusses and exposes the flaws of several other religious belief systems. The belief in fatalism, despite the fact that it provides a believable story of the future, is based in a flawed assumption that our economy functions according to natural law; it also fails the test of certainty, and has a strong self-fulfilling dynamic. The belief in the saving power of technology is equally flawed. Technology surrounding our minds is very different from our minds surrounding technology. “Once technology becomes a mindset it is difficult to call into play the discrimination that is needed to shut any of it down, even when it is clearly damaging”.

The middle chapters consider this central issue of right human-Earth relationships from a variety of angles. How can cultural workers illuminate the issues and help us find our way? What is the role of higher education? How can Hopi cosmology and practice provide guidance? The epilogue, in a slight change of tone, provides a brief but cogent look at issues of energy, economics, finance, eco-justice and public policy.

This is a deeply humane, scientific-based, wide-ranging and thought-provoking read. Helmuth asserts that what we are attuned to is what will provide us with guidance, and offers that as both a warning and a source of hope. “If we are centered in right relationship, and if we live in communion with the commonwealth of life and the larger arc of Earth’s plenitude, we will have the reality of presence and the guidance of beauty to keep us upright and functional in the work we now have to do, and in whatever work is to come.”

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Saturday 21 March 2015

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A former Wall Street quant sounds an alarm on the mathematical models that pervade modern life - and threaten to rip apart our social fabric

We live in the age of the algorithm. Increasingly the decisions that affect our lives - where we go to school, whether we get a car loan, how much we pay for health insurance - are being made not by humans but by mathematical models. In theory this should lead to greater fairness: Everyone is judged according to the same rules, and bias is eliminated.

But as Cathy O'Neil reveals in this urgent and necessary book, the opposite is true. The models being used today are opaque, unregulated, and uncontestable even when they're wrong. Most troublingly, they reinforce discrimination: If a poor student can't get a loan because a lending model deems him too risky (by virtue of his zip code), he's then cut off from the kind of education that could pull him out of poverty, and a vicious spiral ensues. Models are propping up the lucky and punishing the downtrodden, creating a "toxic cocktail for democracy". Welcome to the dark side of big data.

Tracing the arc of a person's life, O'Neil exposes the black-box models that shape our future, both as individuals and as a society. These "weapons of math destruction" score teachers and students, sort r�sum�s, grant (or deny) loans, evaluate workers, target voters, set paroles, and monitor our health.

O'Neil calls on modelers to take more responsibility for their algorithms and on policy makers to regulate their use. But in the end, it's up to us to become savvier about the models that govern our lives. This important book empowers us to ask the tough questions, uncover the truth, and demand change.

Sales Rank: #1040 in Audible
Published on: 2016-09-06
Released on: 2016-09-06
Format: Unabridged
Original language: English
Running time: 383 minutes

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86 of 90 people found the following review helpful.
Stop Using Math as a Weapon
By Amazon Customer
So here you are on Amazon's web page, reading about Cathy O'Neil's new book, Weapons of Math Destruction. Amazon hopes you buy the book (and so do I, it's great!). But Amazon also hopes it can sell you some other books while you're here. That's why, in a prominent place on the page, you see a section entitled:

Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought

This section is Amazon's way of using what it knows -- which book you're looking at, and sales data collected across all its customers -- to recommend other books that you might be interested in. It's a very simple, and successful, example of a predictive model: data goes in, some computation happens, a prediction comes out. What makes this a good model? Here are a few things:

1. It uses relevant input data.The goal is to get people to buy books, and the input to the model is what books people buy. You can't expect to get much more relevant than that.
2. It's transparent. You know exactly why the site is showing you these particular books, and if the system recommends a book you didn't expect, you have a pretty good idea why. That means you can make an informed decision about whether or not to trust the recommendation.
3. There's a clear measure of success and an embedded feedback mechanism. Amazon wants to sell books. The model succeeds if people click on the books they're shown, and, ultimately, if they buy more books, both of which are easy to measure. If clicks on or sales of related items go down, Amazon will know, and can investigate and adjust the model accordingly.

Weapons of Math Destruction reviews, in an accessible, non-technical way, what makes models effective -- or not. The emphasis, as you might guess from the title, is on models with problems. The book highlights many important ideas; here are just a few:

1. Models are more than just math. Take a look at Amazon's model above: while there are calculations (simple ones) embedded, it's people who decide what data to use, how to use it, and how to measure success. Math is not a final arbiter, but a tool to express, in a scalable (i.e., computable) way, the values that people explicitly decide to emphasize. Cathy says that "models are opinions expressed in mathematics" (or computer code). She highlights that when we evaluate teachers based on students' test scores, or assess someone's insurability as a driver based on their credit record, we are expressing opinions: that a successful teacher should boost test scores, or that responsible bill-payers are more likely to be responsible drivers.

2. Replacing what you really care about with what you can easily get your hands on can get you in trouble. In Amazon's recommendation model, we want to predict book sales, and we can use book sales as inputs; that's a good thing. But what if you can't directly measure what you're interested in? In the early 1980's, the magazine US News wanted to report on college quality. Unable to measure quality directly, the magazine built a model based on proxies, primarily outward markers of success, like selectivity and alumni giving. Predictably, college administrators, eager to boost their ratings, focused on these markers rather than on education quality itself. For example, to boost selectivity, they encouraged more students, even unqualified ones, to apply. This is an example of gaming the model.

3. Historical data is stuck in the past. Typically, predictive models use past history to predict future behavior. This can be problematic when part of the intention of the model is to break with the past. To take a very simple example, imagine that Cathy is about to publish a sequel to Weapons of Math Destruction. If Amazon uses only purchase data, the Customers Who Bought This Also Bought list would completely miss the connection between the original and the sequel. This means that if we don't want the future to look just like the past, our models need to use more than just history as inputs. A chapter about predictive models in hiring is largely devoted to this idea. A company may think that its past, subjective hiring system overlooks qualified candidates, but if it replaces the HR department with a model that sifts through resumes based only on the records of past hires, it may just be codifying (pun intended) past practice. A related idea is that, in this case, rather than adding objectivity, the model becomes a shield that hides discrimination. This takes us back to Models are more than just math and also leads to the next point:

4. Transparency matters! If a book you didn't expect shows up on The Customers Who Bought This Also Bought list, it's pretty easy for Amazon to check if it really belongs there. The model is pretty easy to understand and audit, which builds confidence and also decreases the likelihood that it gets used to obfuscate. An example of a very different story is the value added model for teachers, which evaluates teachers through their students' standardized test scores. Among its other drawbacks, this model is especially opaque in practice, both because of its complexity and because many implementations are built by outsiders. Models need to be openly assessed for effectiveness, and when teachers receive bad scores without knowing why, or when a single teacher's score fluctuates dramatically from year to year without explanation, it's hard to have any faith in the process.

5. Models don't just measure reality, but sometimes amplify it, or create their own. Put another way, models of human behavior create feedback loops, often becoming self-fulfilling prophecies. There are many examples of this in the book, especially focusing on how models can amplify economic inequality. To take one example, a company in the center of town might notice that workers with longer commutes tend to turn over more frequently, and adjust its hiring model to focus on job candidates who can afford to live in town. This makes it easier for wealthier candidates to find jobs than poorer ones, and perpetuates a cycle of inequality. There are many other examples: predictive policing, prison sentences based on recidivism, e-scores for credit. Cathy talks about a trade-off between efficiency and fairness, and, as you can again guess from the title, argues for fairness as an explicit value in modeling.

Weapons of Math Destruction is not a math book, and it is not investigative journalism. It is short -- you can read it in an afternoon -- and it doesn't have time or space for either detailed data analysis (there are no formulas or graphs) or complete histories of the models she considers. Instead, Cathy sketches out the models quickly, perhaps with an individual anecdote or two thrown in, so she can get to the main point -- getting people, especially non-technical people, used to questioning models. As more and more aspects of our lives fall under the purview of automated data analysis, that's a hugely important undertaking.

5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Models without Morality
By Graham Webster
This is a well written book about the data science algorithms that can influence our lives. If all they were responsible for was recommending other books we might be interested in reading, then the topic wouldn't be very important. However, they influence an increasing number of areas in our lives, from insurance pricing, college admissions to hiring decisions, so it is important that the assumptions that underlay these models be explicit and transparent. That's mostly not the case, and in fact, many models take into account data for which it is not legal for a human to take account of. The black box nature of these models is a concern.

I think O'Neil makes a solid argument against the unregulated use of these black box models in society.

O'Neil touches on the issue of the lack of ethics in the tech industry, where smart people are focused on making money and lose sight of the negative impact their work has on much of society.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Personally I would have liked to see some of the types of algorithms that ...
By Peter
Well written, with no math needed to understand the problems with bias, discrimination and injustice that Cathy exposes. Personally I would have liked to see some of the types of algorithms that Cathy describes, but that's because I was a math major in college - and that's the only reason I didn't give it 5 stars.

The examples of school teachers being judged on invalid assessments, and likely cheating of the system by other teachers to make sure they don't get fired really hit home as to how bad the mathematical formulas can be in deciding who gets or keeps a job. I'm familiar with the hiring algorithm practices of one of the companies Cathy describes in her book, and I heard the flip side of the rejection process from one of its employees. Supposedly after taking the psychological application test, if a candidate does really well, an alert is sent to the hiring manager in real time to go meet the candidate to offer them a job before they leave the building. I hope the pending class action lawsuit she describes against this company succeeds because there is obvious discrimination going on in the hiring of applicants and many large corporations now use this same employment screening software.

Cathy exposes injustices to average people in many ways they live in our world, from education to employment, credit and financial dealings. Her final chapter is a call for reform of hidden practices that rely on fuzzy math algorithms. It is very important that we can see and understand how decisions are being made about our future, and on what information those decisions are based. If bad data is being used we should be able to correct that. This is definitely needed in the same way that consumers can get to see their credit reports, and report errors to get them corrected.

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Friday 20 March 2015

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Sales Rank: #6881978 in Books
Published on: 1973
Binding: Paperback
612 pages

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Sunday 15 March 2015

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Drawing on his worldwide perspective, Peter Proctor shows, in very practical ways, how the application of biodynamic agriculture results in better soils, quality food, healthy plants, healthy and contented animals, and enthusiastic farmers and consumers. All practitioners will find ways to deepen their understanding, not only of the daily outward work, but also of the foundations upon which our world rests and how to bring these into our daily life.

Sales Rank: #1905116 in Books
Brand: Godwit
Published on: 2013-02-01
Ingredients: Example Ingredients
Format: Import
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 9.21" h x .55" w x 6.14" l,
Binding: Paperback
192 pages

About the Author
Peter Proctor, past national field advisor for the NZ Bio Dynamic Farming and Gardening Association, now teaches and advises farmers on biodynamic methods around the world.

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5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
to quote the quote "Matter is never without Spirit,and Spirit never without Matter'
By Vivek Jayan
Although I haven't met Peter as yet, I have been an avid follower of Peter's work on the upheaval of holistic farming for the benefit or rural/urban India. to the extent I have known him through the various indirect sources I have been in touch with, he is putting dedicated efforts towards conveying a strong message ,a message against the ageing of earth with toxic chemicals, a message for the upgradation of human health/animal health and a better environment by practices such as maintaining truly fertile soil by incorporating plenty of organic matter and biodynamic preparation.These biodynamic preparations and information on best practices have been detailed through this book and the book also encourages us to observe and think about the forms and patterns in nature.
I was quite fascinated with the knowledge about the spiral or the vortex being the fundamental to plant life and its comparison to the practices used for biodynamic preparations.

I strongly recommend the book to any enthusiastic new comers to the field of holistic farming or to the veterans who still believe in the conventional chemical farming approach as a first read, which will clarify many doubts ,but Yes , as Peter rightly quote's in this book 'Many's the doubt that needs to be answered
of this direction to be mastered
But this courage now to change the way'
let Grasp the Nettle pave the wayOne Man, One Cow, One Planet

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
bountiful gardens has this book for less
By Paul K.
Bountiful Gardens website raves about this book, and sells it for less than I see here, currently. Here's what they say:

We have been looking for years for an easily understood but practical book on biodynamic gardening. Rudolf Steiner's lectures are fascinating but a bit theoretical. Subsequent books have been hard to read or pretty esoteric in describing the preparations. We finally had to go to New Zealand to find this book. Peter Proctor has over 60 years experience as a biodynamic farmer, but goes way beyond that. He draws from the experience of biodynamic farmers all over the world.

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Saturday 14 March 2015

[J447.Ebook] Ebook Download The Idea of Justice, by Amartya Sen

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Social justice: an ideal, forever beyond our grasp; or one of many practical possibilities? More than a matter of intellectual discourse, the idea of justice plays a real role in how―and how well―people live. And in this book the distinguished scholar Amartya Sen offers a powerful critique of the theory of social justice that, in its grip on social and political thinking, has long left practical realities far behind.

The transcendental theory of justice, the subject of Sen’s analysis, flourished in the Enlightenment and has proponents among some of the most distinguished philosophers of our day; it is concerned with identifying perfectly just social arrangements, defining the nature of the perfectly just society. The approach Sen favors, on the other hand, focuses on the comparative judgments of what is “more” or “less” just, and on the comparative merits of the different societies that actually emerge from certain institutions and social interactions.

At the heart of Sen’s argument is a respect for reasoned differences in our understanding of what a “just society” really is. People of different persuasions―for example, utilitarians, economic egalitarians, labor right theorists, no�-nonsense libertarians―might each reasonably see a clear and straightforward resolution to questions of justice; and yet, these clear and straightforward resolutions would be completely different. In light of this, Sen argues for a comparative perspective on justice that can guide us in the choice between alternatives that we inevitably face.

Sales Rank: #88116 in Books
Published on: 2011-05-31
Released on: 2011-04-04
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 9.22" h x 1.18" w x 6.18" l, 1.18 pounds
Binding: Paperback
496 pages

Review
The most important contribution to the subject since John Rawls' A Theory of Justice. Sen argues that what we urgently need in our troubled world is not a theory of an ideally just state, but a theory that can yield judgments as to comparative justice, judgments that tell us when and why we are moving closer to or farther away from realizing justice in the present globalized world. (Hilary Putnam, Harvard University)

In lucid and vigorous prose, The Idea of Justice gives us a political philosophy that is dedicated to the reduction of injustice on Earth rather than to the creation of ideally just castles in the air. Amartya Sen brings political philosophy face to face with human aspiration and human deprivation in the real world, to whose improvement he has devoted his intellectual life. (G. A. Cohen, University of Oxford)

A major critical analysis and synthesis. Sen's inclusive approach transcends the many important scholars and viewpoints that he analyzes. The Idea of Justice presents a set of considerations on justice of importance to both the academic community and to the world of policy formation. (Kenneth Arrow, Nobel Laureate in Economics, Stanford University)

Few contemporary thinkers have had as much direct impact on world affairs as Amartya Sen/author. Wonderfully lucid. An invaluable compass for all those who fight injustice around the world. (Philippe Van Parijs, Louvain University)

In the courtliest of tones, Mr. Sen charges John Rawls, an American philosopher who died in 2002, with sending political thinkers up a tortuous blind alley. The Rawlsian project of trying to describe ideally just institutions is a distracting and ultimately fruitless way to think about social injustice, Mr. Sen complains. Such a spirited attack against possibly the most influential English-speaking political philosopher of the past 100 years will alone excite attention. The Idea of Justice serves also as a commanding summation of Mr. Sen's own work on economic reasoning and on the elements and measurement of human well-being...Mr. Sen writes with dry wit, a feel for history and a relaxed cosmopolitanism...The Idea of Justice is a feast...Nobody can reasonably complain any longer that they do not see how the parts of Mr. Sen's grand enterprise fit together...Mr. Sen ends, suitably, with democracy. It can take many institutional forms, he says. But none succeeds without open debate about values and principles. To that vital element in public reason, as he calls it, The Idea of Justice is a contribution of the highest rank. (The Economist 2009-08-06)

[Sen's] magnum opus on a line of work he's long addressed and now thoroughly re-examines: justice theory...In repeatedly bringing back into the discussion Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments, Sen signals the need for justice theory to reconnect to realistic human psychology, not the phony formal rationalism that infects modern economics or the for-sake-of-argument altruism that anchors Rawls's project. (Carlin Romano Chronicle of Higher Education 2009-09-14)

An original contribution to political philosophy. (Adam Kirsch City Journal 2009-09-11)

Sen's whole book is a cornucopia of commonsense humane advice combined with analytical insight, and far wiser than those thinkers who try to derive all their recommendations from one usually questionable overriding value. (Samuel Brittan Financial Times 2009-09-04)

In this intricate, endlessly thought-provoking book, Sen brings the full force of his formidable mind and his moral sense to show how specific questions--of chronic malnourishment, ill-health, demographic gender imbalance--must be analysed in terms of justice. Doing something about them is not a discretionary matter--it is a requirement of being human. Sen is the most sophisticated intellectual campaigner of our times--his arguments have shaped not just academic disciplines but the policies of governments and of global institutions like the World Bank. (Sunil Khilnani Financial Times online 2009-07-25)

Polymathic brilliance among scholars is now generally agreed to be a thing of the past. The advance of knowledge means that providing intellectual leadership in economics, political theory and philosophy, as John Stuart Mill did, is not possible...But someone forgot to tell all this to Amartya Sen. (Richard Reeves Sunday Times 2009-09-26)

[A] majestic book... Reading The Idea of Justice is like attending a master class in practical reasoning. You can't help noticing you are engaging with a great, deeply pluralistic, mind...This is a monumental work. (Ziauddin Sardar The Independent 2009-08-21)

Sen has given us a magisterial treatment of a moral and philosophical problem which touches us from the cradle to the grave. The work bids to replace John Rawls and his predecessors back to Hobbes and Locke as the model and paragon of theoretical analysis on the idea of justice...A compelling read. (Bill McSweeney Irish Times 2009-08-15)

I depart feeling challenged, invigorated, and questioning after my encounter with one of the most remarkable thinkers alive today. (Sholto Byrnes The Independent 2009-07-19)

This is an essential book; it sums up and extends the contributions of one of the world's leading thinkers about justice. (David Gordon Library Journal 2009-10-15)

Sen is one of the great thinkers of our era, and his writings range from discursive and luminous interventions on great modern questions, such as identity and famine, to major complex works on political philosophy. At a moment when many are wondering whether there couldn't be a better world than that preceding the credit crunch, and better lives to be led, Sen is publishing...The Idea of Justice, an attempt to construct a new way of understanding what a more just world might be like...If a public intellectual is defined by his or her capacity to bridge the worlds of pure ideas and the most far-reaching policies, Sen has few rivals... Sen's revolutionary idea is that of capability, the capacity that people have for living and choosing how to live a good life. A good idea of justice concerns enhancing capability. (David Aaronovitch The Times 2009-07-04)

Characteristically clear and powerful...This book is a distillation of so much that has come to be associated with Sen, and reading these new formulations is truly humbling. The intellectual clarity, the ability to create conceptually innovative distinctions, the broad range of historical learning from sources across the world, the powerful use of examples, but perhaps most importantly, the deep humanity and faith in a certain form of non-utopian progress all vividly shine through. (Pratap Bhanu Mehta Outlook 2009-08-12)

[Sen's] book quite radically attempts to shift the grounds of the conversation [about justice] altogether. It seeks to provide a counter-framework rather than a counter-theory. And this is only one of its many admirable ambitions...The repudiation of the economicist account of life is one of this book's most valuable achievements...The spectacle of an economist rejecting a purely economic understanding of the individual is delightful to behold. And this wise and deep position--focusing on a comparative, results-oriented approach, which is measured by the actual capabilities that it offers human beings--is not based on Sen's arguments alone, important and penetrating as they are. His position expresses also a larger sensibility that is anchored in his exceptional range of thought and his lifelong commitments. Besides what he describes as his love affair with philosophy, he is a world-renowned economist and one of the greatest public intellectuals of India, who has been a leading voice for social and economic reforms, breaking new ground in the analysis of gender inequality, famine, and illiteracy. Sen's range is amazing. His intimacy with the Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim cultures of India, which is beautifully woven into the book, gives him access to a far greater range of argumentation and reasoning than is common among philosophers who were educated exclusively in the Western analytical tradition. His knowledge of this vast cultural history, and his profound respect for it, is an important source of Sen's humility in recognizing the essential plurality of legitimate claims--in rejecting any sort of monism in the life of the mind...His work--in its simultaneous affirmation of the universal and the particular--serves as an eloquent and humane testimony to the power of reason, which respects (when it is honest and attends to the integrity of its arguments) the multiplicity of voices and traditions. Reason seeks truth wherever it may be found, and so, like the author of this genuinely important book, it travels widely, and may find support near and far. (Moshe Halbertal New Republic 2009-12-02)

Clearly the place to start for ascertaining how [Sen's] views fit together into a unique and inspiring position on justice. (Samuel Moyn The Nation 2009-11-18)

Sen's stimulating and eloquent new work is in some ways a commentary on Rawls, but its refinements give his arguments greater applicability. (New Yorker 2009-12-07)

The Idea of Justice is...grand in the best sense of the word, taking on difficult subjects, and respectfully following centuries of philosophical debate while imaginatively rethinking them...[It] will undoubtedly set many future agendas for social research...The Idea of Justice marries economic and political analysis to moral reasoning, and this is among the most important elements of this volume...The Idea of Justice transcends political convention, expansively and elegantly. Read it front to back as a logical rethinking of classical political theory; read it back to front as an agenda of pressing, shared concerns. Either way, this is a volume worth its considerable weight and length. In an era typified by increasingly contentious politics, violent challenges to states and societies, and elusive (and often ignored) norms for global political engagement, The Idea of Justice is a call for civility in the best sense of the word, and a model of gracious intellectual engagement. (Paula Newberg Globe and Mail 2009-10-24)

The must-read of 2009 is The Idea of Justice. (Christopher Lee The Scotsman 2009-12-05)

Sen's magisterial critique of the dominant mode of liberal political philosophy, which chases after the chimera of an ideally just society rather than identifying existing injustices, confirmed him as the English--speaking world's pre--eminent public intellectual. By 2009, leading politicians from all sides were falling over themselves to claim Sen as their own. (New Statesman 2009-12-10)

In The Idea of Justice Sen orchestrates his many contributions and achievements into a distinctive position on justice...How the current revival of political philosophy will influence future generations is impossible to predict. But it's a safe bet that the debates will be of world-historical importance, and that Sen's ideas about justice, social choice theory, and the capabilities approach to assessing well-being will make a crucial contribution to them. (Samuel Freeman New York Review of Books 2010-10-14)

About the Author
Amartya Sen, winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics, is Lamont University Professor at Harvard University.

Most helpful customer reviews

46 of 48 people found the following review helpful.
The Idea of Justice
By Adnan M. S. Fakir
Within the past month I was lucky enough to be able to meet with Amartya Sen thrice; at a conference, at a discussion and signing of his new book "The Idea of Justice," and at a dinner where I was honored to be able to hold a long discussion with him. Here I will draw on my understanding of him and his subject to give a brief review of his new book, "The Idea of Justice."

One of the carried misconceptions that I would like to point out in the beginning is that Sen is not a quote-and-quote hard boiled economist. Rather he is more of a philosopher of economic thought. As such most of his work carries inherent philosophies which can shake off the first readers. "The Idea of Justice" is entirely a building of philosophical ideologies as he draws on economic reasoning, current policies, laws and politics. One of the introductory examples Sen provides involves taking three kids and a flute. Anne says the flute should be given to her because she is the only one who knows how to play it. Bob says the flute should be handed to him as he is so poor he has no toys to play with. Carla says the flute is hers because it is the fruit of her own labor. How do we decide between these three legitimate claims?

Sen argues that with the current system which follows policies and laws based on a search of a "just society" as put forth by English Enlightenment Philosopher Thomas Hobbes and followed on by John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant and the contemporary most influential figure John Rawls (thereby often being referred to as the Rawlsian project; much of Sen's critique is towards Rawls' 1971 book, "A Theory of Justice"), there is no arrangement that can help us resolve this dispute in a universally accepted just manner. What really enables us to resolve the dispute between the three children is the value we attach to the pursuit of human fulfillment, removal of poverty, and the entitlement to enjoy the products of one's own labor.

Who gets the flute depends on your philosophy of justice. Bob, the poorest, will have the immediate support of the economic egalitarian. The libertarian would opt for Carla. The utilitarian hedonist will bicker a bit but will eventually settle for Anne because she will get the maximum pleasure, as she can actually play the instrument. While all three decisions are based on rational arguments and correct within their own perspective, they lead to totally different resolutions.

The current system, Sen argues, revolves around an imaginary "social contract" where we are trying to make ideally just institutions assuming that people will comply with it. Sen identifies two major problems with this "arrangement focused" or "transcendental institutionalism" approach. The first is a feasibility problem of coming to an agreement on the characteristics of a "just society;" the second a redundancy problem of trying to repeatedly identify a "just society."

What Sen proposes is a "realization-focused" approach that "concentrates on the actual behavior of people, rather than presuming compliance by all with ideal behavior." Instead of focusing on an ideally just society which is influencing much of the recent political economy, Sen's alternative focuses more on the removal of manifesting injustice on which we all rationally agree and the advancement of justice from the world as we see, instead of looking for perfection, which Sen points out, can never be attained.

What makes Sen's writing more appealing to me is how he correlates many previously almost sadly unnoticed eastern ideologies with the western approaches, including those of Kautliya, the Indian political economy and strategy writer now claimed to be the Indian Machiavelli (which is funny because Kautliya was from the 4th century BC being compared to Machiavelli from the 15th century) and from early Indian Jurisprudence, namely the niti and the nyaya, to mention a few. Although Amartya Sen touches on these eastern topics as inspirational matters, I would be more satisfied if he had gone into more detail of their analysis in his book, "The Idea of Justice."

188 of 227 people found the following review helpful.
What is old is very good. What is new is disappointing.
By Herbert Gintis
Amartya Sen, recipient of the Nobel prize in Economics in 1998, is a very special economist. He has first-rate technical skills, he is a fine interpreter of the empirical evidence on the causes of famine and poverty around the world, he has a deep commitment to egalitarian social change, and he is a looming figure in modern political philosophy. Sen is a key contributor to the current movement towards integrating the insights of the various social sciences towards better understanding of society and increasing our capacity to improve social policy interventions in to economic and political life.

The Idea of Justice is a large, meandering book that is accessible to the novice in social theory and political philosophy, and includes most of the ideas Sen has championed in his long and productive career, plus a new idea that leads him beyond such established contemporary political philosophers as John Rawls and Ronald Dworkin.

In much the same way as German philosopher J�rgen Habermas, Sen's commitment to freedom and democracy is based not on distributional issues, but rather on a deep understanding of the importance of communicative discourse and public debate in making the good society. This commitment fits well with Sen's major contribution to welfare economics, which is providing an alternative to the selfish and materialistic Homo Economicus of standard neoclassical economics. For traditional economics, well-being is a function of the goods and services and individual enjoys. For Sen, well-being is a function of how fully and vigorously an individual exercises his human capabilities. Democracy, then, is less about who gets what, and more about how people come to craft both their personal life-meaning and their collective destiny through political participation and discourse.

As an indication of the power of Sen's reasoning, he shows clearly how a commitment to a capabilities orientation to human welfare helps understand why income and welfare are conceptually and factually distinct and only somewhat correlated. Sen treats poverty as an inability to develop and exercise one's personal capacities. Thus, a family in the United States can have much higher income than another in a third world country and yet suffer from poverty while its third world counterpart does not. This is because the US family may be socially dysfunctional, or may live in a community that fails to provide the social relations and cooperative institutions that allow people to develop their capacities even though lacking in income.

Sen's innovation in this book is to critique the "transcendental institutionalism" of such traditional moral philosophers as Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant, Dworkin and Rawls, who seek to define a set of social institutions that foster "perfect justice," Sen argues that perfect justice is not capable of attainment, and it is better to focus on how society can be improved from its current state, give its actual pattern of injustices.

I have two major criticisms of this book. The first is that Sen has not updated his model of the individual or his critique of the neoclassical model of economic man since his important contributions of thirty or forty years ago. You would not discover by reading this book that there has been a virtual revolution in economic thought concerning human nature starting in the 1980's with behavioral game theory, experimental economics, and more recently, neuroeconomics. We can now go far beyond Sen's rather diffident and anemic argument that people are not always completely selfish. Perhaps Sen considers this new research deficient in some way. Or, perhaps such empirical findings do not belong in the same league as the venerable Western and Indian philosophers he quotes so liberally. We simply do not know what Sen thinks about this, or what his motives were to ignore this rich vein of research of obvious relevance to his argument.

My second problem is a bit more fundamental. I am extremely skeptical concerning the whole approach to justice that has dominated analytical philosophy since Rawls' seminal A Theory of Justice. Sen critiques John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin, G. A. Cohen and other left-liberal thinkers on grounds of the impossibility of perfect justice. However, the real problem with these thinkers is that they believe justice is a matter of the distribution of wealth and income. This is not at all what justice means to most voters and citizens, who rather follow Robert Nozick in believing that justice consists in individuals getting that to which they are entitled by virtue of legitimate production, exchange, and inheritance. Serious thinkers must find the idea that ideal justice consists of complete social equality to be deeply repugnant.

In this view, justice is not fairness at all. Nevertheless, we can accept an entitlement view of justice and yet recognize that poverty, not some abstract inequality of income and wealth, is a real enemy of social wellbeing, not because it is unfair but because it is a preventable disease, like malaria, that we should not permit to inflict the young and innocent. Full social equality, then, is not a lamentable unattainable ideal state, but rather a thankfully unattainable monstrosity because it presupposes the absence of personal accountability and effectivity.

Sen's critique of the Rawlsian tradition is anemic and trivial. For this reason I find this book deeply disappointing. It is altogether too genteel in dealing with a philosophical tradition that deserves to be bitterly criticized, not gently reproached for its excessive zeal in the pursuit of an unattainable ideal.

45 of 52 people found the following review helpful.
Improving justice by ranking alternatives
By laurens van den muyzenberg
Amartya Sen presents the remarkable conclusion that justice is a process that never becomes absolutely perfect. He presents very convincingly the view that you need to compare many alternatives "social choice" and discuss them widely with many people from different categories, also considering what other countries have done and rank these alternatives. In ranking you should not fall in the trap of mathematical optimization procedures. It requires common sense.
This does not mean you need ranking for gross injustices like racial discrimination. Sen rejects the Rawls idea of Justice as Fairness as it is one, may be the best one, of the absolute just systems. In fact all thinkers or politicians that claim to have developed an absolutely perfect system are wrong. Very important is to look not only at a system from a theoretical justice point of view but also equally important what is the reality of application at the level of all citizens.
He also makes a very interesting review of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations. His view is that the "rights" are not rights in the sense that they are legal rights to be enforced. They are however very important as aspects to be considered in the ranking of alternatives.
Those that might have hoped to find a system of justice that is absolutely right will be disappointed, those are looking ways to improve justice will be very enthusiastic about this book

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